Bibliometric analysis of fourth industrial revolution applied to heritage studies based on web of science and scopus databases from 2016 to 2021.

Using past material and spiritual remains, cultural heritage examines communities' identity formation across time. Cultural heritage requires public and private institutions to care about its restoration, maintenance, conservation, and promotion. Through a bibliometric perspective, this study has analyzed, quantified, and mapped the scientific production of the fourth industrial revolution applied to heritage studies from 2016 to 2021 in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Biblioshiny software from RStudio was employed to categorize and evaluate the contribution of authors, countries, institutions, and journals. In addition, VOSviewer was used to visualize their collaboration networks. As a main result, we found that augmented reality and remote sensing represent the research hotspot concerning heritage studies. Those techniques have become common in archaeology, as well as museums, leading to an increase in their activity. Perhaps, more recent tools, such as machine learning and deep learning, will provide future pathways in cultural heritage from data collected in social networks. This bibliometric analysis, therefore, provides an updated perspective of the implementations of technologies from industry 4.0 in heritage science as a possible guideline for future worldwide research.

Deproteinization of primary enamel with sodium hypochlorite before phosphoric acid etching.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the deproteinization of primary enamel by analyzing etching pattern types, with and without the application of 5% NaOCl before acid etching with 37% H3PO4. Fifteen extracted human primary molars were randomly selected for the present in vitro study; 1mm x 1mm blocks were prepared and divided into two groups (n = 21). These groups were treated as follows: Group A- Acid Etching with 37% H3PO4 gel for 15 s; Group B- 5% NaOCl for 60 s + Acid Etching with 37% H3POfor 15 s. The specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy analysis. The images were evaluated for quality types I and II etching of the enamel surface using ImageJ software. Datasets were checked for normality by Kolgomorv-Smirnov test and the nonparametric unpaired Mann-Whitney test was applied. The mean surface area of type I and II etching pattern values was 1922.314 µm2for Group A and 3840.473 µm2Group B. We conclude that deproteinization with 5% NaOCl prior to acid etching can be used to increase the area of adhesion and the quality of the etching pattern.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la desproteinización del esmalte primario a través de los tipos de patrones de grabado, con y sin NaOCl 5% utilizado antes del grabado ácido con H3PO4 37%. Quince dientes primarios humanos extraídos se seleccionaron al azar para el presente estudio in vitro, se prepararon bloques de 1mm x 1 mm y se dividieron en dos grupos (n = 21). Estos grupos se trataron de la siguiente manera: Grupo A: Grabado ácido con H3PO4 37% en gel durante 15 segundos; Grupo B: NaOCl 5% durante 60 segundos + Grabado ácido con H3PO4 37% durante 15 segundos. Las muestras se prepararon para el análisis de microscopía electrónica de barrido. Las imágenes obtenidas se evaluaron principalmente por la calidad de los grabados tipo I y II de la superficie del esmalte primario, utilizando el software Image J. Los datos se analizaron en cuanto a su normalidad mediante la prueba de Kolgomorv-Smirnov, se utilizó pruebas no paramétricas: Prueba de Mann-Whitney no pareada. Como resultado, se encontró que el área de superficie media de los valores de patrón de grabado de tipo I y II para el Grupo A era 1922,314 µm2 y el Grupo B era 3840,473 µm2. Finalmente, llegamos a la conclusión de que se puede usar la desproteinización con NaOCl 5% antes del grabado ácido para aumentar el área de adhesión y la calidad del patrón de grabado.

Relación entre ansiedad, miedo dental de los padres y la colaboración de niños al tratamiento odontológico / Relationship Between Anxiety, Dental Fear of Parents and Collaboration of Children to Dental Treatment

RESUMEN 17. Dentro de la historia clínica del niño no se considera alguna escala que evalué la ansiedad y el miedo que experimentan en el tratamiento dental, lo cual ayudaría para definir el abordaje del paciente y realizar un tratamiento exitoso. Objetivo. Determinar la relación que existe entre la ansiedad, miedo dental y colaboración de los padres y niños frente al tratamiento odontológico. Materiales y método. Se realizó un estudio tipo descriptivo y transversal. La muestra de estudio fueron 177 niños de ambos sexos de 3 a 6 años de edad que se atendían en un instituto de salud y sus padres. Se confeccionó una ficha de recolección de datos para cada paciente, donde se incluyó cuatro escalas de evaluación: el cuestionario de miedos dentales, la escala de ansiedad de Corah, la escala de miedo en niños y el test gráfico de Venham. Al final del tratamiento se evaluó el comportamiento del niño con la escala de Frankl. Resultados. Con respecto al miedo, los padres presentaron escaso o nulo (55,9%) y los niños, bajo miedo (87,6%) en mayor porcentaje. Con respecto a la ansiedad, los padres presentaron baja ansiedad (57%); los niños, en su mayoría, fueron no ansiosos (64,4%) y el comportamiento de estos fue positivo (71,2%). Conclusión. La ansiedad provocada por el tratamiento odontológico en los niños y los padres no está relacionado, más si el miedo. Tampoco existe relación entre la ansiedad y el miedo que pueda experimentar los padres con respecto a la colaboración del niño. Sin embargo, la colaboración del niño si está relacionada con el miedo y ansiedad que ellos puedan experimentar en el tratamiento odontológico.

ABSTRACT 20. In the clinical history of a child, it is not taken into account any scale that evaluates the anxiety and fear experienced during dental treatment. This would help to define the way to approach the patient and perform a successful treatment. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety, dental fear and collaboration of parents and children towards dental treatment. A descriptive and transversal study was carried out. The study's sample was collected from 177 children of both sexes from 3 to 6-year-old, who visited a health institute for a dental appointment, and also their respective parents. A data collection form was prepared for each patient, which included four evaluation scales: the dental fear questionnaire, the Corah anxiety scale, the Children's Fear Scale and the Venham graphic test. At the end of the treatment, the child's behavior was evaluated using the Frankl scale. In regard to fear, parents presented little or no (55.9%) and children, under fear (87.6%) in a greater percentage. In reference to anxiety, parents presented low anxiety (57%); children, in their majority, were not anxious (64.4%), and their behavior was positive (71.2%). As a result, anxiety caused by the dental treatment in children and parents is not related; nonetheless, fear is. In addition, there is no relationship between anxiety and fear that parents may experience with regard to the child's collaboration. However, the child's collaboration is related to the fear and anxiety that they may experience during dental treatment.